MONOGRAPH 40 volume 1

86 Transparent and consistent sentencing in the Land and Environment Court of NSW: orders for costs as an aspect of punishment Judicial Commission of NSW Objective and subjective factors Class of offender Total Corporation Individual Special liability offender Small business owner “Ordinary Joe” Objective seriousness High N 2 0 0 3 5 % 4.7 0.0 0.0 6.0 3.9 Medium N 18 0 10 12 40 % 41.9 0.0 28.6 24.0 31.3 Low N 23 0 25 35 83 % 53.5 0.0 71.4 70.0 64.8 Environmental harm Serious N 4 0 2 1 7 % 9.3 0.0 5.7 2.0 5.5 Medium N 6 0 2 9 17 % 14.0 0.0 5.7 18.0 13.3 Low N 18 0 17 22 57 % 41.9 0.0 48.6 44.0 44.5 None N 15 0 14 18 47 % 34.9 0.0 40.0 36.0 36.7 State of mind Intentional N 24 0 12 29 65 % 55.8 0.0 34.3 58.0 50.8 Negligence N 7 0 13 6 26 % 16.3 0.0 37.1 12.0 20.3 Recklessness N 4 0 6 9 19 % 9.3 0.0 17.1 18.0 14.8 Financial advantage (Yes) N 15 0 9 5 29 % 34.9 0.0 25.7 10.0 22.7 Foreseeability of harm (Yes) N 26 0 26 32 84 % 60.5 0.0 74.3 64.0 65.6 Practical measures taken (Yes) N 7 0 7 9 23 % 16.3 0.0 20.0 18.0 18.0 Control over causes (Yes) N 43 0 35 48 126 % 100.0 0.0 100.0 96.0 98.4 Prior record (Yes) N 3 0 4 1 8 % 7.0 0.0 11.4 2.0 6.3 Prior good character (Yes) N 25 0 26 40 91 % 58.1 0.0 74.3 80.0 71.1 Not guilty plea N 3 0 1 5 9 % 7.0 0.0 2.9 10.0 7.0 Contrition and remorse (Yes) N 32 0 27 40 99 % 74.4 0.0 77.1 80.0 77.3 Cooperation (Yes) N 30 0 26 40 96 % 69.8 0.0 74.3 80.0 75.0 Costs awarded (Yes) N 42 0 35 47 124 % 97.7 0.0 100.0 94.0 96.9 Means to pay (Yes) N 8 0 13 19 40 % 18.6 0.0 37.1 38.0 31.3 Totality principle applied (Yes) N 13 0 7 7 27 % 30.2 0.0 20.0 14.0 21.1 All LEC offences N 43 0 35 50 128 % 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Table 11: Environmental planning offences in the LEC: objective and subjective factors by Class of Offender — 2000 to 2015 (principal offence only) Note: Percentages reflect the observed proportion of the relevant total sample. For example, with regard to “Objective seriousness”, 4.7% (2 of 43) primary offences committed by corporations were considered by the LEC to be of “High” objective seriousness. Also note that the class of offender, “special liability” offender, did not appear in any case of environmental planning offences in this study. The column for this class of offender has been retained in this table but the numbers have been replaced with zero values to allow easier comparisons between values in this table and the corresponding table for environmental protection offences (ie Table 10 ).