Handbook for Judicial Officers — Actual or apprehended bias and unconscious bias

Further references on apprehended bias and unconscious bias

For further references on the topics of apprehended bias and unconscious bias, please see the following:

  • Judicial Commission, Civil Trials Bench Book, [1-000] and ff, “Disqualification for bias”

  • Council of Australasian Tribunals, Practice Manual for Tribunals, 5th edn, 2020, ch 3.4, “The bias rule”, at https://coat.asn.au, accessed 28 July 2021.

  • Judicial Commission of NSW, Videos and Podcasts, Bias against Indigenous Australians: Implicit Association Test results for Australia, Recorded on 14 October 2020; Cross-jurisdictional Webinar: Unconscious Judicial Prejudice: The neurobiology of "prejudice" (or "bias") in legal decision making, Recorded on 24 June 2020, at https://jirs.judcom.nsw.gov.au/menus/videos.php, accessed 18 August 2021.

  • Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration, Guide to Judicial Conduct, 3rd edn (rev), 2022, at 11–18