Further references on apprehended bias and unconscious bias

For further references on the topics of apprehended bias and unconscious bias, please see the following:

  • Australasian Institute of Judicial Administration, Guide to Judicial Conduct, 3rd edn (rev), 2023, pp 11–18

  • Australian Law Reform Commission, Without fear or favour: judicial impartiality and the law on bias, Report No 138, 2021, accessed 26/5/2025

  • Council of Australasian Tribunals, Practice Manual for Tribunals, 5th edn, 2020, Ch 3.4, “The bias rule”, accessed 26/5/2025

  • Judicial Commission of NSW, Civil Trials Bench Book, [1-000]ff, “Disqualification for bias”

  • Judicial Commission of NSW, Videos and Podcasts, Bias against Indigenous Australians: implicit association test results for Australia, recorded on 14 October 2020; Cross-jurisdictional webinar: unconscious judicial Prejudice: the neurobiology of “prejudice” (or “bias”) in legal decision making, recorded on 24 June 2020.