Index

References are to paragraph numbers.

Index

A

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principles
“active efforts”, [6.3.3.2]
adoption, and, [2.3.6]
cross-over kids, and, [6.3.3.3]
identification/de-identification of children, [6.3.3.4]
Aboriginal peoplesee First Nations people
Acquired Brain Injury
barriers in court for people with, [5.6.4]
communicating with people with, [5.6.6.4], [5.6.6.7]
disabilities resulting from, [5.3.6]
adjournments
disability, people with a, [5.6.1], [5.6.7]
prayer and for festivals, for, [4.5.6]
adoption
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principles, [2.3.6]
affirmationssee oaths and affirmations

B

bail
First Nations people, for, [2.1], [2.3.2]
bias, [1.5.1]see also unconscious bias
avoiding, [1.5]
bisexuals
age of consent, [8.3.1]
appearance and behaviour in court, [8.5.1]
common misconceptions about, [8.2.1]
court processes and, [8.4], [8.5.3]
definition, [8.2.2.8]
diversity of, [8.5.3]
evidence
jury directions, [8.5.4]
parents, as, [8.2.1]
sentencing of, [8.5.5]
statistics, [8.1]
terminology, [8.5.2]
blindnesssee physical disability, people with a
brain injuriessee Acquired Brain Injury
Buddhismsee religions

C

child sexual abuse
trauma, [12.3.2]
children and young people
adjournments for, [6.4.1], [6.4.7]
breaks in proceedings, [6.4.7]
care and protection
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principles, [6.3.3]
grandparents, [11.1.7]
out of home care, [6.3.2]
statistics, [6.3]
case management systems, [6.4.1]
communication, [1.3]
competence, script for use to determine, [6.9]
Convention on the Rights of the Child, [6.2.4]
court proceedings, explain processes adequately, [6.4.4.1]
court, barriers to participation in, [6.1.2]
court, examples of difficulties in, [6.1.3]
criminal responsibility of, [6.2.2]
cross-examination of, [6.4.6]
improper, [6.4.6.1]
culturally and linguistically diverse, [3.1.2]
defined, [6.1.1]
delays in proceedings, [6.4.1]
doli incapax, [6.2.2]
evidence, [6.1.3]
CCTV, [6.4.3.2], [6.4.3.4]
child sexual assault matters, [6.4.3.3]
compellability to give, [6.2.3]
competence to give, [6.2.1]
jury directions, [6.4.8]
obtaining, alternative ways of, [6.4.3]
sworn, giving, [6.2.1]
unsworn, [6.2.1]
video, [6.4.3]
evidence management, [6.4.3.5]
First Nations offenders, [2.1]
First Nations people
identification/de-identification of, [6.3.3.4]
ground rules hearing checklist, [6.10]
hearings, script for use in, [6.8]
interviewing principles, [6.11]
language and communication, [6.4.4], [6.4.4.2]
lesbians and gay men as parents of, [8.1], [8.2.1]
oaths and affirmations by, [6.4.2]
out of home care
trauma, [12.3.4]
sentencing of, [6.4.9]
victim impact statements, [6.2.4]
views of, requirement to obtain, [6.2.4]
warnings, [6.4.8]
witness intermediaries, [6.4.3.3], [6.4.3.4], [6.4.5]
Youth Justice Conferencing, [6.4.9]
Youth Koori Court, [6.4.9]
Christianitysee religions
circle sentencingsee First Nations people
coercive controlsee domestic violence
cognitive impairment, [5.3.5]see also intellectual disability, people with an
definition, [5.3.8], [5.5.3]
communication, [5.1]see also language
culturally and linguistically diverse people, with, [3.2.2], [3.3.5]
disability, people with a, [1.3], [5.6.6]
First Nations people, with, [2.2.2], [2.3.3.1]
non-verbal, [3.3.4]
speech impairments, [5.6.6.5]
cross-dressing, [9.1.3]
cross-examination
children, of, [6.4.6]
self-represented parties, by, [10.3.4.1]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, [3.1.2], [3.3.1.1]see also interpreters and translators; refugees
address, modes of, [3.3.2.1], [3.3.2.2]
appearance in court, [3.3.4]
body language in court, [3.3.4]
communication styles, [3.2.2]
court procedures, explaining to, [3.3.5.4]
court processes, [3.2.3]
cultural differences, [3.2.1], [3.2.2], [3.3.6.3]
culturally offensive language, avoidance of, [3.3.5.2]
customs, [3.3.6], [3.3.6.2]
grandparents, [3.3.6.2]
imprisonment of, [3.1.2]
inter-generational conflict, [3.3.6.1]
jury directions regarding, [3.3.7]
language difficulties, accommodating, [3.3.5.3]
marriage, arranged, [3.3.6.2]
mixed race families, [3.3.6.1]
non-attendance of family in court, [3.3.6.3]
religious affiliations, [3.1.2]
sentencing of, [3.3.8]
statistics, [3.1.2]
unemployment among, [3.1.2]
verbal communication with, [3.3.5]
women, role of, [3.3.6.2]

D

deafnesssee physical disability, people with a
defendants
children or cognitively impaired, script for use in hearings with, [6.8]
disability, [5.1]see also disability, people with a; intellectual disability, people with an; physical disability, people with a
Ageing and Disability Commissioner, [5.4.4]
definition, [5.2]
discrimination, [5.2.9]
NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission, [5.4.5]
physicalsee physical disability, people with a
prevalence, [5.2.3]
range, [5.2.2]
statistics, [5.2]
disability, people with a, [5.1]see also disability; intellectual disability, people with an; physical disability, people with a
accommodation, [5.2.5]
adjournments, [5.6.1], [5.6.7]
adjustments, reasonable, [5.6.3.1]
assistance animals, [5.6.3.2]
barriers in court for, [5.6.4]
capacity to give evidence, [5.5.1]
care, assistance and support, [5.2.4]
communicating with, [5.6.6]
communication with, [5.6.6.4]
disability
definition, [5.2]
prevalence, [5.2.3]
range, [5.2.2]
discrimination, [5.2.9]
education, [5.2.7]
employment, [5.2.6]
impact of disabilities on matters relevant to court, [5.6.8]
informed consent, [5.5.2]
jury directions, [5.6.9]
media, dealing with, [5.6.11]
neurological disability, [5.3.12]
oaths and affirmations by, [5.6.5]
organisational contact details, [5.7]
pre-court preparation for, [5.6.1]
reasonable adjustments, [5.6.3.1]
Royal Commission, [5.1]
sentencing of, [5.6.10]
statistics relating to, [1.2]
terminology, [5.6.6.2]
violence against, [5.2.8]
witness intermediaries, [5.6.2]
discrimination
compounding effect of, [1.5]
direct, [1.1]
equality before the law, and, [1.1]
First Nations people, against, [2.2.2]
homosexuals and bisexuals, against, [8.1]
indirect, [1.1]
intersectiona, [7.4]
intersex people, against, [9.4.2]
legislation relating to, [1.1]
religious, [4.4]
transgender people, against, [9.4.2]
doli incapax, [6.2.2]
domestic violence
coercive control, [7.5.1], [7.5.3]
domestic abuse, [7.5.1]
elder abuse, [11.2.2]
First Nations people, [2.1], [2.2.2], [2.3.4]
gender equality, [7.5.2]
intimate partner violence, [7.5.1]
offences, [7.5.2]
same sex relationships, in, [8.2.1], [8.5.3]
technology, [7.5.4]
trauma and, [12.3.1]

E

elder abuse, [11.2.1]see also older people
capacity guidelines, [11.2.3]
family violence, [11.2.2]
financial, [11.2.3]
First Nations people, [11.2]
forms of, [11.2]
guardianship, [11.2.3]
residential care, in, [11.2.1]
equality before the law
concept of, [1.1]
judicial conduct, adapting to ensure, [1.6]
ethnic groupssee culturally and linguistically diverse people
evidence
children and young people, [6.2.1], [6.4.3], [6.4.3.2], [6.4.6]
CCTV, [6.4.3.4]
child sexual assault matters, [6.4.3.3]
jury directions, [6.4.8]
management of, [6.4.3.5]
warnings, [6.4.8]
disability, people with a
capacity to give, [5.5.1]
older people
jury directions, [11.5.8]
older people, of, [11.3.3]
self-represented parties, [10.3.4.2]
presented by, [10.3.4.1]

F

family violencesee domestic violence
fines
children and young people, [6.4.9]
First Nations people, for, [2.3.8]
transgender or intersex people, for, [9.6.6]
First Nations people
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Child Placement Principles, [2.3.6]
adoption, [2.3.6]
appearance in court, [2.3.3.3]
bail for, [2.1], [2.3.2]
Bugmy, [2.3.10]
burial rights, [2.3.5]
children
identification/de-identification of, [6.3.3.4]
circle sentencing, [2.2.2], [2.3.8]
communication styles, [2.3.3.1], [2.3.3.4]
Community Development Employment Projects (CDEP) scheme, extension of, [2.1]
community organisations, [2.4]
court processes, [2.2.6], [2.3.3.1], [2.3.3.3], [2.3.3.4], [2.3.4]
criminal justice system, [2.2.3]
cultural groups, [2.2.1]
cultural identity, [2.2.2]
cultural practices, [2.2.6]
cultural safety, [2.2.4]
customary law, [2.2.2], [2.3.8]
deafness, [5.3.3]
deaths in custody, [2.2.10], [2.3.8]
domestic violence, [2.3.4]
elder abuse, [11.2]
estate distribution orders, [2.3.5]
Fernando sentencing guidelines, [2.3.9]
fines, [2.3.8]
intergenerational trauma, [2.2.3]
intestacy, [2.3.5]
judgment or decision writing, [2.3.8]
jury directions, [2.3.7]
Justice reinvestment, [2.2.8]
language level and style, [2.3.3.4]
languages, [2.2.5]
Magistrates Early Referral Into Treatment (MERIT), [2.3.1]
OCHRE plan, [2.2.8]
Operation Mantus, [2.2.8]
population of in NSW, statistics of, [1.2]
pre-trial diversionary options, [2.3.1]
sentencing of offenders, [2.2.2], [2.3.8], [2.3.9], [2.3.10]
statistics, [2.1], [2.2.1]
stolen generations, [2.2.3]
terminology, [2.3.3.2]
trauma, transgenerational, [12.3.3]
victim impact statements, [2.3.8]
Walama List, [2.2.9]
women, [2.1], [7.1]
court access, [2.2.7]
status of, [2.2.2]
Youth Koori Court, [2.3.1], [6.4.9]
fitness to plead, [5.5.3]
Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, [5.3.9]
barriers in court for, [5.6.4]
language, level and style of, [5.6.6.4]

G

gay men
age of consent, [8.3.1]
appearance and behaviour in court, [8.5.1]
common misconceptions about, [8.2.1]
court processes and, [8.4], [8.5.3]
diversity of, [8.5.3]
evidence
jury directions, [8.5.4]
parents, as, [8.2.1]
sentencing of, [8.5.5]
statistics, [8.1]
terminology, [8.5.2]
gender discrimination
working mothers, [7.2.1.3]
gender equality
violence and, [7.2]
gender identity, [9.2.2]
incidence of issues with, [1.2]
legal gender identity, [9.4]
pronouns, [1.4]
sex affirmation procedure, [9.4]
gender transition, [9.1.1]

H

hearing impairmentssee physical disability, people with a
Hinduismsee religions
homophobia, [8.2.2.6]
homosexuality, [8.2.2.1], [8.3.1]see also bisexuals; gay men; homosexuals; lesbians
court processes and, [8.4]
definition, [8.2.2.1]
homosexuals
outing of, [8.2.2.4]
statistics, [8.1]
human trafficking offences
definition, [13.3.2.1.1]

I

imprisonment
culturally and linguistically diverse people, of, [3.1.2]
transgender or intersex people, of, [9.6.6]
income
statistics relating to, [1.2]
Indigenous peoplesee First Nations people
intellectual disabilitiessee intellectual disability, people with an
intellectual disability, people with an, [5.3.5]see also intellectual disabilities
accommodation, [5.2.5]
Acquired Brain Injury, [5.3.6]
barriers in court for, [5.6.4]
care, assistance and support, [5.2.4]
cognitive impairment, [5.3.5]
communicating with, [5.6.6], [5.6.6.6]
definition, [5.3.5]
disability
definition, [5.2]
prevalence, [5.2.3]
range, [5.2.2]
discrimination, [5.2.9]
education, [5.2.7]
employment, [5.2.6]
evidence, capacity to give, [5.5.1]
fitness to plead, [5.5.3]
NDIS, [5.3.5]
oaths and affirmations by, [5.6.5]
organisational contact details, [5.7]
Royal Commission, [5.1]
trauma, [12.3.7]
unsworn evidence of, [5.6.5]
violence against, [5.2.8]
intergenerational traumasee trauma
interpreters and translators
accreditation of, [3.3.1.3]
advice or opinion, no provision of, [3.3.6.3]
alternative dispute resolution (ADR), [3.3.1.4]
consecutive interpreting, [3.3.1.3]
costs of, [3.3.1.4], [3.3.1.5]
court proceedings, [3.3.5.1]
court proceedings, before, [3.3.1.7]
definitions, [3.3.1.1]
dialogue interpreting, [3.3.1.3]
interpreter or translator, type to use, [3.3.1.3]
organisations, [3.4]
right to, [3.3.1.1]
sight translation, [3.3.1.3]
sign language interpreting, [3.3.1.3]
simultaneous interpreting, [3.3.1.3]
suppliers of, [3.3.1.4]
use of, [3.3.1.1]
working with, [3.3.1.7]
intersex people
appearance and behaviour in court, [9.6.2]
court processes and, [9.5], [9.6.4]
definition, [9.3.1]
jury directions, [9.6.5]
legal gender identity, [9.4]
legal protections, [9.4.2]
marriage rights, [9.4]
modes of address, [9.6.1]
sentencing of, [9.6.6]
terminology, [9.1], [9.6.3]
Islamsee religions

J

Jewssee religions
Judaismsee religions
judgments
children and young people, [6.4.9]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, involving, [3.3.8]
fair and non-discriminatory judgments, [4.5.8]
First Nations people, involving, [2.3.8]
lesbians, gay men and bisexuals, involving, [8.5.5]
self-represented parties, involving, [10.4]
transgender or intersex people, involving, [9.6.6]
judicial officers, conduct of, [1.1], [1.6]
jury directions
children and young people, [6.4.8]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, regarding, [3.3.7]
disability, people with a, [5.6.9]
First Nations people, [2.3.7]
lesbians and gay men, [8.5.4]
on religious belief, [4.5.7]
self-represented parties, [10.3.4.4]
transgender or intersex people, [9.6.5]

L

language, [5.1]see also communication
children and young people, [6.4.4], [6.4.4.2]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, of, [3.1.2]
culturally offensive, avoiding, [3.3.5.2]
difficulties, accommodating, [3.3.5.3]
First Nations people, [2.2.5], [2.3.3.1], [2.3.3.2], [2.3.3.4]
sign language, [2.3.3.3]
homosexuals, [8.5.2]
intellectual disability, people with an, [5.6.6]
non-verbal communication, [3.3.4]
older people, [11.5.2], [11.5.3]
physical disability, people with a, [5.6.6]
psychiatric disability, people with a, [5.6.6]
religiously offensive, avoiding, [4.5.4]
self-represented parties, [10.3.1]
lesbians
age of consent, [8.3.1]
appearance and behaviour in court, [8.5.1]
common misconceptions about, [8.2.1]
court processes and, [8.4], [8.5.3]
diversity of, [8.5.3]
evidence
jury directions, [8.5.4]
parents, as, [8.2.1]
sentencing of, [8.5.5]
statistics, [8.1]
terminology, [8.5.2]
lesbophobia, [8.2.2.6]
LGBTQI people
trauma, [12.3.8]

M

Marriage Act 1961 (Cth)
child marriage, [13.4.5.3]
mental disorders
definition, [5.3.7]
mental health impairment
definition, [5.5.3]
migrantssee culturally and linguistically diverse people
modern slavery
aggravated offences
child abuse material, production of, [13.4.7]
debt bondage, [13.4.6]
harbouring a victim, [13.4.10]
Migration Act 1958 (Cth), [13.3.3.3]
organ trafficking, [13.4.9]
trafficking in persons, [13.4.8]
Anti-slavery Commissioner, [13.6]
Commonwealth, [13.6.2]
NSW, [13.6.1]
attrition rates, [13.8]
causes, [13.1]
changing nature of practices, [13.7]
child abuse material
artificial intelligence, [13.4.7.1]
circumstances of aggravation, [13.4.7.1]
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), [13.4.7.4.2]
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) exceptions, [13.4.7.4.1]
defences, [13.4.7.4]
definitions, [13.4.7.3]
production of, [13.4.7]
child forced marriage, [13.4.5]
definitions, [13.4.5]
child marriage, [13.4.5.3]
coercion
definition, [13.3.2.4]
Commonwealth offences, [13.3.3]
background, [13.3.3.1]
hierarchy, [13.3.3.2]
Commonwealth reporting obligations, [13.5.2]
Commonwealth slavery-like offences
overview, [13.4.3.1]
costs of, [13.2.2]
councils, [13.5.3.4]
county councils, [13.5.3.4]
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW), [13.3.1]
child abuse material, [13.4.7.1]
child forced labour, [13.4.3.5]
child forced marriage, [13.4.5.2]
commercial sexual servitude, [13.4.3.4]
servitude, [13.4.3.5]
sexual servitude, [13.4.3.4]
slavery, [13.4.2.3]
Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 (NSW)
personal violence offence, [13.4.5.2]
crimes overlapping with, [13.3.2.5]
Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth), [13.3.1]
Criminal Code (Cth)
ancillary offence, [13.3.3.4.1]
Category B jurisdiction, [13.3.3.4.1]
Category D jurisdiction, [13.3.3.4.3]
child abuse material, [13.4.7.2]
child abuse material offences, [13.4.7.3]
defences for slavery and slavery-like offences, [13.4.2.2]
forced labour, [13.4.3.3]
forced marriage, [13.4.5.1]
local law defence, [13.3.3.4.1]
primary offence, [13.3.3.4.1]
servitude, [13.4.3.2]
slavery, [13.4.2.1]
criminal law, [13.1], [13.3]
cybersex trafficking, [13.7.3.2]
debt bondage, [13.4.6]
deception
definition, [13.3.2.4]
deceptive recruiting, [13.4.4]
definition, [13.1], [13.3.2.1.1]
NSW, [13.3.2.3]
domestic trafficking in children, [13.4.8.1.4]
domestic trafficking in persons, [13.4.8.1.3]
domestic trafficking in persons or organs
jurisdictional requirements, [13.3.3.4.2]
evidence, [13.9.3]
credibility, [13.9.3.2]
victim-witness cooperation, [13.9.3.1]
vulnerable witnesses, [13.9.3.3]
exploitation
definition, [13.3.2.4]
extended geographical jurisdiction, [13.3.3.4]
forced labour, [13.4.3]
forced marriage, [13.2.3], [13.4.5]
apprehended violence orders, [13.9.5]
definitions, [13.4.5]
intimidation, [13.3.2.4]
personal violence offence, [13.3.2.4]
further information, [13.10]
further reading, [13.11]
government agencies, [13.5.3.1]
government sector finance agencies, [13.5.3.2]
harbouring a victim, [13.4.10]
Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW), [13.3.1]
imports of products at risk, [13.5.2.1]
joint organisations, [13.5.3.4]
Marriage Act 1961 (Cth), [13.4.5.1]
migrants, [13.2.3]
Migration Act 1958 (Cth), [13.3.1]
Modern Slavery Act 2018 (Cth), [13.3.1]
Modern Slavery Act 2018 (NSW), [13.3.1], [13.3.2.3]
background, [13.3.4]
Modern Slavery Act statutory review, [13.5.2.1]
non-punishment principle, [13.3.2.7]
NSW Auditor-General, [13.6.1.1]
NSW reporting and due diligence obligations, [13.5.3]
offences
overview, [13.4.1]
organ trafficking, [13.4.9]
Criminal Code (Cth), [13.4.9]
Human Tissue Act 1983 (NSW), [13.4.9]
ownership
definition, [13.3.2.2]
practical considerations
legal proceedings, [13.9.1]
trauma-informed approach, [13.9.2]
victim-survivors, [13.9.1]
prevalence, [13.2]
Australia, [13.2.1]
New South Wales, [13.2.2]
regulatory response, [13.3]
reporting requirements, [13.5.1]
risk, [13.1]
servitude, [13.4.3]
reasonable person test, [13.4.3.2]
sexual servitude, [13.4.3]
slavery
indicia of, [13.3.2.2]
slavery offences, [13.4.2]
state owned corporations, [13.5.3.3]
technology, facilitated by, [13.7.2]
artificial intelligence, [13.7.2]
Commonwealth response, [13.7.3.1]
NSW response, [13.7.3.2]
threats
definition, [13.3.2.4]
trafficking in children, [13.4.8.1.2]
defences, [13.4.8.1.6]
trafficking in persons, [13.4.8]
absolute liability, [13.4.8.1.5]
defences, [13.4.8.1.6]
transparency and due diligence frameworks, [13.5]
victim consent, [13.3.2.6]
victims reparation, [13.9.6]
victims support, [13.9.6]
victim-survivors, [13.3.2.6], [13.3.2.7], [13.9.3]see also vulnerable witnesses
court language, [13.9.4.1.6]
court process, [13.9.3.3]
credibility, [13.9.3.2]
cross-examination, [13.9.4.1.7]
defences, [13.3.2.7]
evidence in retrials, [13.9.4.1.9]
inadmissible evidence, [13.9.4.1.8]
language barriers, [13.9.3.4]
other protections, [13.9.4.1.10]
protection measures, [13.9.4.1]
self-represented accused, [13.9.4.1.7]
trial considerations, [13.9.3.2]
victim impact statements, [13.9.4.1.5]
vulnerable groups, [13.2], [13.2.3]
vulnerable witnesses, [13.9.3]see also
court language, [13.9.4.1.6]
cross-examination, [13.9.4.1.7]
evidence in retrials, [13.9.4.1.9]
inadmissible evidence, [13.9.4.1.8]
other protections, [13.9.4.1.10]
protection measures, [13.9.4.1]
self-represented accused, [13.9.4.1.7]
trauma-informed practice, [13.9.3.3]
victim impact statements, [13.9.4.1.5]
witness protections, [13.9.4]

N

neurodevelopmental disorder, people with a
communicating with, [5.6.6.9]
cross-examination of, [5.6.6.9]
non-binary people, [9.1.1]
non-English speaking personssee culturally and linguistically diverse people

O

oaths and affirmations
children and young people, by, [6.4.2]
disability, people with a, [5.6.5]
older people, [11.5.6]
religions and, [4.5.2]
older people, [11.2.1]see also elder abuse
access to justice
barriers to, [11.4.1]
dementia, [11.4.1.2]
disabilities, [11.4.1.1]
rural, regional and remote, [11.4.3]
accommodation, [11.1.8]
adjournments, [11.5.7]
capacity, [11.5.1]
care and assistance, [11.1.6]
court proceedings
barriers, [11.5.4], [11.5.7]
crimes against, [11.3.1]
criminal behaviour, [11.3.4]
cross-examination of, [11.3.3]
custodial statistics, [11.3.4]
definition of older, Introduction
demographic trends, Introduction
digital confidence, [11.1.12]
digital exclusion, [11.4.2]
education, [11.1.2]
elder abuse, [11.2]
employment, [11.1.3]
unpaid, [11.1.3.1]
evidence, [11.3.3]
competence to give, [11.5.1.1]
jury directions, [11.5.8]
family violence, [11.2.2]
First Nations people, [11.5.5]
gender, [11.1.10]
grandparents, [11.1.7]
guardian ad litem, [11.5.1.2]
health, [11.1.5], [11.1.6]
income, [11.1.4]
language and communication, [11.5.2], [11.5.3]
neglect, [11.3.1]
oaths and affirmations, [11.5.6]
offence types, [11.3.4]
offences against, [11.3.1]
offending rates, [11.3.4]
population, [11.1.1]
regional and remote areas, in, [11.1.9]
scammers, [11.3.2]
sex and gender diversity, [11.1.11]
technology, [11.4.2]
terminology, [11.5.5]
victims of crime, [11.3.2]
volunteering, [11.1.3.1]
vulnerable persons, [11.3.3]
witnesses, as, [11.3.3]
sexual assault matters, [11.3.3.1]
organ trafficking
definition, [13.3.2.1.1]

P

personal violence offence, [13.4.5.2]
physical disability, people with a, [5.1]see also disability
accommodation, [5.2.5]
barriers in court for, [5.6.4]
blindness, [5.3.4]
care, assistance and support, [5.2.4]
communicating with, [5.6.6], [5.6.6.5]
deafness, [5.3.3]
First Nations people, [5.3.3]
definition, [5.3.2]
disability
definition, [5.2]
prevalence, [5.2.3]
range, [5.2.2]
discrimination, [5.2.9]
education, [5.2.7]
employment, [5.2.6]
hearing impairments, [5.3.3]
communicating with, [5.6.6.5]
organisational contact details, [5.7]
pre-court preparation for, [5.6.1]
Royal Commission, [5.1]
speech impairments
communicating with, [5.6.6.5]
violence against, [5.2.8]
visual impairment, [5.3.4]
psychiatric disability, people with a, [5.1]see also disability
barriers in court for, [5.6.4]
communicating with, [5.6.6], [5.6.6.8]
cross-examination of, [5.6.6.8]
media, dealing with, [5.6.11]

Q

queer
definition, [8.2.2.7], [8.3.3.1]

R

refugees
trauma, [12.3.5]
religions
affiliations, [4.1]
breaks for prayer and festivals, [4.5.6]
Buddhism, [4.2.2]
festivals, [4.2.2.4]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.2.2]
main beliefs, [4.2.2.1]
practices, [4.2.2.5]
religious leaders, [4.2.2.3]
worship, forms of, [4.2.2.4]
Christianity, [4.2.1]
festivals, [4.2.1.4]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.1.2]
main beliefs, [4.2.1.1]
practices, [4.2.1.5]
religious leaders, [4.2.1.3]
worship, forms of, [4.2.1.4]
community organisations, [4.6]
court processes and, [4.5.5]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, of, [3.1.2]
diversity of, [4.1]
dress, in court, [4.5.3]
hate crimes, [4.3], [4.3.5.1]
antisemitism, [4.3.5]
extremism, [4.3.5]
hate symbols, [4.3.4.2]
inciting hatred, [4.3.4]
prohibited hate groups, [4.3.5.2]
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), [4.3.2]
threatening or inciting violence, [4.3.3]
Hinduism
definition, [4.2.4]
festivals, [4.2.4.4]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.4.2]
main beliefs, [4.2.4.1]
practices, [4.2.4.5]
religious leaders, [4.2.4.3]
worship, forms of, [4.2.4.4]
impact of religious values in court, [4.4]
Islam
definition, [4.2.3]
dress, [4.2.3.5]
festivals, [4.2.3.4]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.3.2]
jihad, [4.2.3.1]
main beliefs, [4.2.3.1]
practices, [4.2.3.5]
religious leaders, [4.2.3.3]
women, [4.2.3.5]
worship, forms of, [4.2.3.4]
Judaism
definition, [4.2.6]
festivals, [4.2.6.4]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.6.2]
main beliefs, [4.2.6.1]
practices, [4.2.6.5]
religious leaders, [4.2.6.3]
worship, forms of, [4.2.6.4]
jury directions, [4.5.7]
language, avoiding religiously offensive, [4.5.4]
leaders, modes of address, [4.5.1]
oaths and affirmations, [4.5.2]
sentencing, [4.5.8]
Sikhism
definition, [4.2.5]
holy books and scriptures, [4.2.5.2]
main beliefs, [4.2.5.1]
religious leaders, [4.2.5.4]
statistics relating to, [1.2], [4.1]
victim impact statements, [4.5.8]
vilification, [4.3]
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW), [4.3.1]
threatening or inciting violence, [4.3.3]

S

same sex relationships, [8.3.2], [8.5.3]
parenting, [8.3.2]
self-represented parties, [10.5]see also sovereign citizens
court procedures to, explaining, [10.3.2]
court, impact of on the, [10.2]
cross-examination by, [10.3.4.1], [10.3.4.2]
difficulties faced by, [10.1]
evidence presented by, [10.3.4.1]
final submissions by, [10.3.4.3]
judge, role of, [10.3.3]
jury directions, [10.3.4.4]
mediation, [10.3.1]
pre-court preparation, [10.3.1]
pro bono schemes, [10.3.1]
right to, [10.1]
sentencing of, [10.4]
sexual offences, [10.3.4.2], [10.3.4.4]
statistics, [10.1]
sentencing
children and young people, of, [6.4.9]
culturally and linguistically diverse people, of, [3.3.8]
disability, people with a, [5.6.10]
First Nations offenders, of, [2.2.2], [2.3.8], [2.3.9], [2.3.10]
homosexuals, [8.5.5]
religious beliefs, consideration of, [4.5.8]
self-represented parties, of, [10.4]
transgender or intersex people, of, [9.6.6]
sexual assault
consent, [12.4.5]
consent law reforms, [7.5.6]
jury directions, [12.4.5]
prevalence, [7.5.6]
sexual assault communications privilege, [7.5.6]
trauma, [12.3.2]
sexual harassment
judiciary, [7.3.1]
statistics, [7.3]
trauma, [12.3.6]
women, [7.1]
sexuality, [8.2.2.1], [9.2.2]see also gender identity; homosexuality
gender identity, distinguished from, [9.2.2]
statistics relating to, [1.2]
Sikhismsee religions
Sikhssee religions
silence
cultural customs, [3.3.4.2]
single parent families, [1.2], [1.5]
slavery
definition, [13.3.2.1], [13.3.2.1.1]
slavery-like offences
definition, [13.3.2.1.1]
sovereign citizens, [10.1]
beliefs, [10.5]
rebuttals, [10.5.1]
speech impairments
communicating when, [5.6.6.5]
stereotyping
avoiding, [1.5]
substantive equality, principle of, [1.6]

T

transgender people, [9.1.1], [9.2.2]
appearance and behaviour in court, [9.6.2]
court processes and, [9.5], [9.6.4]
jury directions, [9.6.5]
legal gender identity, [9.4]
legal protections, [9.4.2]
marriage rights, [9.4]
modes of address and gender, [9.6.1]
pronouns, [9.6.1]
sentencing of, [9.6.6]
statistics, [9.2.1]
terminology, [9.1], [9.6.3]
transition, [9.1.2]
transgenerational traumasee trauma
translatorssee interpreters and translators
transsexuals, [9.1.4]
trauma
Bugmy Bar Book, [12.4.6]
child sexual abuse, [12.3.2]
children and young people, [12.2.1]
out of home care, [12.3.4]
community agencies, [12.6]
court processes and, [12.4.3], [12.4.8]
definition, [12.2]
domestic violence and, [12.3.1]
effects of, [12.2.1]
First Nations people, [12.3.3]
intergenerational trauma, [2.2.3]
intersectionality, [12.3]
LGBTQI people, [12.3.8]
refugees, [12.3.5]
sexual assault, [12.3.2]
sexual harassment, [12.3.6]
special witness provisions, [12.4.3]
therapeutic jurisprudence, [12.4.1]
transgenerational trauma, [2.2.3]
vicarious, [12.4.2]
trauma-informed practice
complex trauma, [12.1]
criminal law, [12.1]
history, [12.1]
intergenerational trauma, and, [12.1]
therapeutic jurisprudence, and, [12.1]

U

unconscious bias, [1.5.1]see also bias
definition, [1.5.1]
demeanour and appearance, [1.5.1]
unemployment
culturally and linguistically diverse people, [3.1.2]
unemployed crime victims, [1.5]
United Nations, conventions relating to human rights, [1.1]
unrepresented litigantssee self-represented parties

V

vexatious litigants, [10.3.1], [10.3.4.1]
victim impact statements
culturally and linguistically diverse people, in cases involving, [3.3.8]
First Nations people, [2.3.8]
homosexuals, [8.5.5]
victims of crime
statistics, [1.5]
visual impairments
communicating when, [5.6.6.5]
vulnerable witnessessee witnesses

W

Walama List, [2.2.9]
warnings
children and young people, [6.4.8]
witness intermediaries
children and young people, [6.4.3.3], [6.4.3.4]
disability, people with a, [5.6.2]
role of, [6.4.5]
witnesses
children or cognitively impaired, script for use in hearings with, [6.8]
cognitive impairment, with, [5.6.6.8], [5.6.6.9]
competence, recommended scenarios for use to determine, [6.9]
ground rules hearing checklist, [6.10]
older people, [11.3.3]
vulnerable
interviewing principles in hearings with, [6.11]
jury directions and warnings, [12.4.4]
women
apprehended domestic violence orders, [7.7]
carer responsibilities, [7.2.1.4]
coercive control, [7.5.1]
criminal penalties, [7.6.2.2]
custody, in, [7.6.1]
domestic abuse, [7.5.1]
domestic violence, [7.5.1]
technology, [7.5.4]
economic disadvantage, [7.2]
education, [7.2.1]
employment, [7.2.1]
ethnic cultures, role in, [3.3.6.2]
family violence, [7.5.1]
female genital mutilation, [7.5.5]
First Nations people
court access, [2.2.7]
First Nations people, status of, [2.2.2]
gender pay gap, [7.2.1.1]
gender-based violence, [7.5.1]
Hinduism, status of in, [4.2.4.5]
imprisonment
alternatives to, [7.6.2.2]
impact of, [7.6.2.1]
income statistics, [1.2]
intimate partner violence, [7.5.1]
justice system, [7.1]
offences by, [7.6.1]
organisations
crisis support and legal advice, [7.8]
parental leave, [7.2.1.4]
population, [7.1.1]
poverty and homelessness, [7.2.1.2]
rural, regional and remote, [7.2.1.5]
safe participation in court proceedings, [7.7]
sentencing of, [7.6.2]
sexual assault, [7.5.6]
superannuation, [7.2]
victims of crime, as, [1.5]

Y

young peoplesee children and young people
Youth Koori Court, [2.3.1], [6.4.9]